When it comes to storage tanks designed under API 650 standards, ensuring their integrity and longevity is critical for operational efficiency and safety. These tanks are robust and engineered to accommodate large volumes of liquid. However, even the best-designed tanks are susceptible to failure points over time.

Identifying these issues early can save significant costs and prevent potential hazards. API 650 tank manufacturers are continually innovating to mitigate these vulnerabilities, but proactive maintenance remains crucial.

1. Corrosion in Tank Walls and Bottoms

Corrosion is one of the most common failure points in API 650 tanks. Over time, exposure to stored liquids and atmospheric conditions can lead to material degradation, especially along the tank walls and bottom plates. Tanks storing corrosive materials or operating in humid environments are particularly prone to this issue. Regular inspections, including ultrasonic testing and corrosion mapping, can help identify and address early signs of wear.

2. Weld Failures

The welds connecting tank components are critical to the structural integrity of an API 650 tank. Improper welding procedures, material fatigue, or operational stresses can lead to weld cracking or separation, potentially resulting in leaks. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, such as radiographic or magnetic particle inspections, allow for early detection of weld issues before they escalate into significant failures.

3. Settlement Problems

Uneven foundation settling poses a serious risk to API 650 tanks. Differential settlement can introduce stress on the tank shell and bottom, potentially leading to cracking or structural instability. Routine monitoring of the foundation’s condition, combined with laser scanning, can detect uneven settlement and allow for corrective measures, preserving the tank’s alignment and functionality.

4. Roof Failures

The roofs of API 650 tanks can also develop vulnerabilities over time, particularly in tanks exposed to external environmental factors such as wind or snow loads. Floating roof tanks, for example, are susceptible to issues like pontoon leaks or seal degradation. Regularly inspecting the roof components and seals ensures they remain in optimal condition, preventing loss of containment or contamination.

5. Seal and Gasket Degradation

Seals and gaskets form essential barriers within API 650 tanks. Prolonged exposure to environmental conditions and chemical interactions can degrade these components, leading to potential leaks or reduced tank performance. Incorporating high-quality materials for seals and scheduling periodic replacement cycles can minimize this risk.